Death in the Victorian Era part 12: Frozen Charlotte

Death in the Victorian Era part 12: Frozen Charlotte

    “He took her hand in his — O, God!

    ’Twas cold and hard as stone;

    He tore the mantle from her face,

    Cold stars upon it shone.

    Then quickly to the glowing hall,

    Her lifeless form he bore;

    Fair Charlotte’s eyes were closed in death,

    Her voice was heard no more.”

 Frozen Charlotte (and later Frozen Charlie) was a doll first made around the 1850s in Germany that became wildly popular in the USA. Its original intent was to be a child’s bath toy, the doll, made from a single piece of unglazed porcelain, with no moving limbs, and sometimes painted on facial features and hair was usually totally white. There were some variations, with a few dolls having an unglazed stoneware back, enabling the doll to float on its back in the bathtub.

 Smaller versions of the doll were often hidden inside Christmas Puddings (can you imagine biting down on one!?) or worn as charms. They could also be made in bisque and come in white, pink or (rarely) black, and are extremely collectable.

 They became even more popular after a poem titled “Young Charlotte”, written by Seba Smith in 1840 became popular. The poem recounted the true story of a young girl who had frozen to death on New years Night whilst riding in her sweetheart's open sleigh. She had failed to take her Mother's Advice to rug up and paid the ultimate price.

 

    “O, daughter dear,” her mother cried,

    “This blanket ’round you fold;

    It is a dreadful night tonight,

    You’ll catch your death of cold.”

    “O, nay! O, nay!” young Charlotte cried,

    And she laughed like a gypsy queen;

    “To ride in blankets muffled up,

    I never would be seen.”

 The popularity only grew further when Smith's poem inspired folk the song, “Fair Charlotte” (see the top of the page).

Later Frozen Charlie would appear to appease the need for boys to have a similar doll. Some of the dolls would come in small coffin-shaped packages and these particular Victorian Era dolls are worth a pretty penny today, which is an interesting comparison, considering, back in the day, they were often referred to as “Penny Dolls”, as that is what they cost to buy!

Next Week: Death in the Victorian Era part 13: Victorian Funeral Keepsakes

Death in the Victorian Era part 11: Sin Eater

Death in the Victorian Era part 11: Sin Eater

A relic from times previous to the Victorian Era, Sin Eaters carried on a long-held tradition that became more refined as the century passed. Sin-Eaters were men, usually of the lowest socioeconomic status, paid to enter the house of the dead and eat bread and salt from a plate that rested upon the chest of the deceased during the wake period.  It was thought that the Sin Eater, by consuming the food would take on the sins of the deceased, who had magically transferred their wrongdoings into the food that lay upon their chest.

 It was quite common for Sin-Eaters, after finishing their meal, to be beaten severely by the family, abused by onlookers and generally treated with disdain by gathered mourners.

 After the Sin Eater left the building, the mourning family would stand on one side of the coffin and handpieces of “Arvil” cake across the corpse to mourners, the cake would then be washed down with port or spiced ale, once this ritual was complete; the pallbearers could begin their job.
 Some of the upper class used special ‘mazer’ bowls to place the Sin Eater’s food upon the body, these bowls were highly decorative, and some were specifically designed well in advance of death, so the deceased could rest assured that he would have the funeral decorations that he deserved and that showed his social status to the degree he desired. After the funeral, the bowls would become family heirlooms passed down through generations.

 By the end of the Victorian Era, funeral furniture and etiquette had begun to change dramatically, and Sin-Eaters were close to being forgotten. Funerals now featured small ‘funeral biscuits’, symbolising the earlier ‘Arvil Cakes’. In America, these gave way to Funeral Cookies.

 The wealthier elite instead of the lesser ‘funeral biscuit’ had a cake somewhat like a ‘ladyfinger’. These cakes would be wrapped in paper with a black wax seal and could be taken home after the funeral to eat.
 The following is a description of a funeral in Yorkshire:

"funeral of the richer sort": "They had burnt wine and a paper with two [Lady Finger] biscuits sealed up to carry home for their families. The paper in which these biscuits were sealed was printed on one side with a coffin, cross-bones, skulls, hacks, spades, hourglass, etc... sealed with black wax."
 
 One of the last Sin-Eaters recorded was an unknown man who stood beside the grave of Richard Munslow in Shropshire, England in 1906. After eating bread and drinking ale, said the following words; "I give easement and rest now to thee, dear man. Come not down the lanes or in our meadows. And for thy peace, I pawn my own soul. Amen”

 The common folk of many European villages held the belief that sin eaters had mystical powers, not only did they eat the sins of the dead, but they could also stop their souls from returning as wandering ghosts.

 Sin-Eaters were shunned by society, it was the lowest of the low to become one, and in turn, the townsfolk of the villages these poor people would live in would go out of their way to avoid known Sin-Eaters, yet they would call upon them in an instant to eat the sins of their dearly beloved, to gain them passage into Heaven.

Believe it or not, the practice of Sin Eating survives to this day in some areas of Germany, Romania, Serbia, Croatia and other Balkans nations.

Next Week: Death in the Victorian Era part 12: Frozen Charlotte

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